An Alternative Technique for the Extraction of Valuable Elements from Fly Ash: the Carbochlorination Method

Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals - The extraction of valuable elements from high-alumina fly ash was carried out using two methods, the carbochlorination method and the carbothermic method....     

高pH值完井液中钛合金管材的腐蚀行为研究

基于高温高压腐蚀速率和原位电化学测试,并结合分子动力学模拟和第一性原理计算,探讨了钛合金(TC4)管材在高pH值完井液中的腐蚀行为,以及钝化膜的热力学稳定性。结果表明:TC4钛合金在180℃的高pH值磷酸盐完井液中的腐蚀极为严重,其均匀腐蚀速率高达0.4429mm/a;在高pH值磷酸盐完井液中,TC4钛合金的腐蚀为阳极反应过程控制,随着温度的升高,其腐蚀电位、腐蚀产物膜的膜阻和极化电阻显著降低,腐蚀反应的热力学驱动力增大、动力学阻力降低,腐蚀电流密度显著升高;在碱性溶液中,TiO_2钝化膜的钛氧键发生不同程度断裂,并且随着温度升高、碱性增强,TiO_2与溶液的界面结合能逐渐增大,钝化膜的热力学稳定性明显降低;在碱性焦磷酸钾溶液中,TiO_2钝化膜均可与K_2HPO_4、K_3PO_4反应生成疏松多孔的KTiOPO_4腐蚀产物膜,但TiO_2与K_3PO_4反应的热力学倾向更大。     

Cost Optimization of Partial Computation Offloading and Pricing in Vehicular Networks

Journal of Signal Processing Systems - For vehicles with limited computation resources offloading their computational tasks to a mobile edge computing (MEC) server has been studied in the past as...     

Synthesis,aggregation and adsorption behaviour of a thermoresponsive pentablock copolymer

Poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO) triblock copolymer (Pluronic F127) was modified by introducing poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) at both the PEO ends, and the pentablock copolymer (PNIPAM₄₁–F127–PNIPAM₄₁, PN41) so prepared was characterized using gel permeation chromatography and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The degree of polymerization of NIPAM blocks at the two ends was 41. The solution behaviour and microstructure of PN41 aggregates in water were examined using UV–visible spectroscopy, micro‐differential scanning calorimetry and small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) and compared with F127. Two lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) were observed for the pentablock copolymer, corresponding to PPO and PNIPAM blocks, respectively. The adsorption of PN41 on thiol‐grafted hydrophobic gold surfaces at various temperatures was investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance. It was found that the adsorption behaviour and mechanism of PN41 were mainly determined by the interactions of the pentablock copolymers with different chain conformations in dilute aqueous solutions at various temperatures. SANS measurements were used to determine the temperature‐dependent structural evolution of polymer micelles in aqueous solution. A NOESY study revealed that above the LSCT of PNIPAM, the interaction of PPO and PNIPAM protons increases and the distance between PPO and PNIPAM decreases. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis of Ti(C,O, N) from ilmenite at low temperature by a novel reducing and carbonitriding approach

The clean and effective utilization of titanium-bearing minerals has challenged the titanium industry all over the world. In order to realize the high-efficiency, clean, and high value-added comprehensive utilization of ilmenite concentrate, a novel process has been proposed in this study by reducing and carbonitriding ilmenite with the CH₄-N₂-H₂ gas mixture at low temperature. Carbonitride performance and mechanism have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The obtained results showed that the reaction process could be divided into three stages: formation of metallic iron, reduction of titanium oxide to titanium suboxides, and formation of Ti(C, O, N). The metallic iron congregated at the first two stages, but dispersed once the Ti(C, O, N) formed. The effects of both reaction temperature and preoxidation treatment on the reaction have been studied as well. It was found that the increase of temperature was conducive to the formation of Ti(C,O), and the ilmenite could be reduced completely to Ti(C,O) at 1170°C for 8 hours. The preoxidation treatment could improve the kinetics of reduction. At 1170°C, the introduction of N₂ could apparently increase the reduction rate, with the complete reduction time decreasing from 8 hours in CH₄-H₂ gas mixture to 3 hours in CH₄-N₂-H₂ gas mixture. The proposed novel process has been assessed and it showed many potential advantages and feasibility.     

A coke deposition self-removal TBCC thermal management with multi-catalyst coating

How to mitigate coke and improve heat sink is the critical factor for thermal management system of turbine-based combined cycle (TBCC). A novel thermal management method using multi-stage coating structure to mitigate coke and improve heat sink is developed in this study. The multi-stage coating structure includes catalytic steam reforming (CSR) and catalytic steam gasification (CSG) catalyst coatings. Coke is removed by CSG, which provides coke self-removal. In addition, the CSG is a strong endothermic reaction, which enables the increase of the chemical heat sink. The numerical study for the multi-stage coating structure was conducted using a heated channel. Results indicate that the multi-stage coating structure can reduce coke by 50% and increase chemical heat sink by 50%, when the mass ratio of secondary steam injection is 2%. In addition, it is found by a comparative study that the increase of secondary steam addition is helpful to remove coke and increase chemical heat sink. Both coke production and chemical heat sink are significantly affected by the rate distribution of CSG. The optimal performance of multi-stage coating structure can be obtained by properly regulating rate distribution of CSG.     

Synthesis and experimental study of novel double perovskite Ba2NixCo2−xO6 as promising oxygen carrier materials for CO2 capture application

Novel oxygen-deficient double-perovskite type oxide Ba₂Ni_xCo_2−xO₆ was applied to produce O₂/CO₂ mixed stream gas for oxyfuel combustion application. A series of different Co concentration substituted Ba₂Ni_xCo_2−xO₆ was synthesized by an EDTA-citrate sol-gel combustion method. The oxygen carriers, Ba₂Ni_0.25Co_1.75O_6, Ba₂Ni_0.45Co_1.55O₆, Ba₂Ni_0.65Co_1.35O₆ and Ba₂Ni_0.85Co_1.15O₆ were c\characterized by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic oxygen adsorption/desorption experiments. The results showed that the capacity of provided O₂ was improved by the partial substitution of Ni by Co. In addition, the synthesized perovskites exhibit good regeneration ability. The optimal degree of Co substitution was x = 0.25 for Ba₂Ni_xCo_2−xO₆ with consideration of oxygen desorption ability. Therefore, Ba₂Ni_0.25Co_1.75O₆ was selected to examine the influence of the operating parameters on the oxygen release performance. It was found that the desorption temperature and CO₂ partial pressure are the two main operating parameters for the oxygen desorption performance. Further, the proposed novel double perovskite Ba₂Ni_0.25Co_1.75O₆ provided excellent performance, the O₂ production of Ba₂Ni_0.25Co_1.75O₆ can still reach 120 mg/g after 10 cycles.     

均质围岩灌浆锚杆应力的近似解析解

灌浆锚杆与岩体介质的耦合机理和支护效果的解析评估，目前尚处于研究进展阶段。本文对全长处于均质围岩塑性屈服区的弹性锚杆，按围岩弹-脆-塑性应力应变关系和Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则，给出了锚杆的应力、位移和介质交界面屈服长度的解析表达式。这一解析模型考虑了锚杆切应力 对围岩的剪切抑制作用。把它应用于Kielder试验洞，计算和实测结果吻合尚好。对Kielder洞探讨了加大杆长的效益，计算表明，加大杆长的效益并不显著，该洞采用1.8 m的杆长是合适的。所提出的解析模型可用于非轴对称地下洞室，是一个较简明的解答，有利于工程初步设计阶段的参数识别，支护荷载及其效果的评估。     

屏蔽结构医用直线加速器Halcyon机房的放射防护设计

以某医院核技术应用项目Halcyon加速器为例,通过分析相关射线参数与工作负荷,依据 NCRP No.151和GBZ /T 201,计算Halcyon机房各方向屏蔽墙所需的厚度和关注点的剂量率水平,对改建机房的屏蔽设计与施工方案进行优化,设计了经济可靠的放射防护方案,评估自屏蔽结构在屏蔽设计中的作用,并论证设计的自屏蔽加速器的防护方案效果符合相关法律法规与标准要求,为此类自屏蔽加速器项目的环评和控评提供参考。